Neurológia pre prax 2/2023

Využitie OCT‑angiografie (OCT‑A) pri sclerosis multiplex

MUDr. Miriama Skirková, PhD., MUDr. Monika Moravská, MUDr. Marek Horňák, MUDr. Jozef Szilasi, doc. MUDr. Jarmila Szilasiová, PhD.

OCT‑angiografia (Optical coherence tomography angiography, OCT‑A) je nová, neinvazívna, rýchla, reprodukovateľná 3D zobrazovacia metóda ciev sietnice, cievovky a zrakového nervu. OCT‑A má potenciál stať sa novým biomarkerom chorobných zmien sietnice pri početných očných (napr. glaukóm, diabetická retinopatia, vekom podmienená degenerácia makuly) a neurologických chorobách. Retinálna cirkulácia zodpovedá cirkulácii drobných ciev mozgu, preto metóda OCT‑A predstavuje akési „okno“, v ktorom možno sledovať zmeny mikrocirkulácie pri primárnych (Alzheimerova choroba, Parkinsonova choroba) i sekundárnych neurodegeneratívnych ochoreniach mozgu, ako je sclerosis multiplex. V tomto prehľade uvádzame výsledky štúdií zameraných na OCT‑A ako nový perspektívny biomarker v skorej diagnostike i monitorovaní sclerosis multiplex.

Kľúčové slová: sclerosis multiplex, OCT‑A, denzita ciev, vrstva gangliových buniek, vrstva nervových vlákien sietnice

Value of OCT‑A in patients with multiple sclerosis

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel, non-invasive, fast, repeatable, 3D imaging method for retinal, choroidal, and optic nerve vessels. OCT-A has the potential to become a new biomarker of various ophthalmological (e.g. glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration) and neurological disorders. Retinal microcirculation share similar features with cerebral small blood vessels, thus OCT-A may be considered a „window“ for the detection of microvascular changes which are associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the utility of OCT-A as a novel, prospective biomarker for early diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis.

Keywords: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel, non-invasive, fast, repeatable, 3D imaging method for retinal, choroidal, and optic nerve vessels. OCT-A has the potential to become a new biomarker of various ophthalmological (e.g. glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration) and neurological disorders. Retinal microcirculation share similar features with cerebral small blood vessels, thus OCT-A may be considered a „window“ for the detection of microvascular changes which are associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the utility of OCT-A as a novel, prospective biomarker for early diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis.