Via practica 1/2017

Prediabetes

Prediabetes is a term used to indicate the conditions characterized by an increased risk for diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. Prediabetic state representatives are borderline fasting blood glucose – impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance – impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Since 2010, the prediabetic state ranks were borderline of increase concentration of glycated hemoglobin A1c. From a medical and economic point of view it is necessary to search and manage risk persons. Screening is recommended in: obese persons; individuals with a positive family history of DM; women with a history of gestational diabetes; persons older than 45 years (every two years) – as part of preventive examinations; patients with arterial hypertension, and hyperlipidemia; diseases and situations with risk of development of secondary diabetes (e. g. Cushing’s syndrome). In the prevention is need the focus on the underlying risk factors of diabesity as currently epidemic. Prediabetes is appropriate to initiate interventions for reduction of the manifestation of DM 2 and its complications. The basis is a change in lifestyle involving: reduced dietary fat, carbohydrate and total energy intake; regular and lifelong physical activity; weight loss (5 – 7 %); control and treatment of blood pressure; not smoking; control and treatment of lipids (LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride) and glycemia, if necessary, pharmacologically; restriction of saturated fat and polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation, increased fiber intake; reducing the intake of NaCl. Prediabetes is a significant risk of developing DM 2. Its early identification and proper management can significantly affect morbidity of the population to serious civilization disease DM 2.

Keywords: prediabetes, diabetes, lifestyle, diet, exercise