Via practica 5/2014
How early diagnose urological malignancy in the office of a general practitioner
This article summarizes a brief overview of the most common urological malignancies especially for the needs of practitioners for the purpose of early diagnosis of these cancers. Asymptomatic macroscopic hematuria, microscopic hematuria (especially in subjects older than 50 years) in conjunction with persistent pollakiuria a notice served are the most common symptoms of bladder cancer (BC). It is likely that the cancer of the prostate (CP) will soon become the leading cause of cancer death in men. Age is the most important risk factor for CP, but race, family history, obesity have some impact on the emergence of CP. Currently, the majority of cases of CP are diagnosed on the basis of elevated serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Advanced disease may manifest symptoms of obstruction at the bladder neck. Bone metastases are the cause of skeletal pain, and developing bone fractures. In recent years have changed the manifestation renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Classic triad of symptoms: flank pain, macroscopic hematuria, and a palpable abdominal mass is now rarely occurs. Introduction of modern imaging techniques has increased the number of random diagnosed – so called of incidental RCC. RCC detected in earlier stages are associated with a better prognosis than tumors diagnosed based on symptoms. Tumors, testicular and penile cancer (PeC) occur relatively rarely. The most common symptom of testicular cancer is usually painless enlargement of the scrotum content in younger men. PeCis most often diagnosed by the presence of phimosis associated with purulent discharge from the preputial sac. Risk factors of cancer of the urogenital tract is constantly being intensively investigated. It appears that the smoking (active or passive) is the most serious risk factor for a number of urological cancers. The prognosis of all patients with urological malignancy depends on several factors, but is especially important early diagnosis of cancer.
Keywords: urological malignancies, the first signs, risk factor, early diagnosis, prevention.
