Slovenská chirurgia 1-2/2020

Multivisceral resection as a treatment option for a large gastrointestinal stromal tumor - a case report

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors or also called GISTs are the most common neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract of mesenchymal origin resulting from the transformation of interstitial Cajal cells or their precursors. These tumors are potentially malignant. They can be located anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, but most often in the stomach and small intestine, less often in the esophagus, appendix, rectum and colon. GISTs manifest equivalently in both genders, with a maximum incidence between 40 and 70 years. The incidence is between 1-1.5 cases per 100,000 people. Most of gastrointestinal stromal tumors are asymptomatic. Dyspepsia and bleeding are basic symptoms of the disease, so the first manifestation of GISTs may be hematemesis or melena. GISTs also occur as part of familiar syndromes such as Carney‘s triad and neurofibromatosis type 1. The standard of diagnosis is contrast CT examination and mutations provement in the gene for tyrosine kinase and PDGFR α (platelet-derived growth factor alpha). The only curable treatment is surgical resection because these tumors are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Tirozine kinase inhibitors are highly effective in treatment. Our case report describes the case of a 75-year-old patient treated for GIST on IInd department of surgery UPJŠ LF and UNLP in Košice.

Keywords: gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Cajal cells, multivisceral resection, imatinib