Onkológia 2/2022

Trastuzumab deruxtecan – drug profile and use in the treatment of advanced HER2-positive breast cancer

Trastuzumab deruxtecan is a novel antibody/drug conjugate for the treatment of advanced solid tumors, including breast cancer, which overexpress or have amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The novel structure of this exciting new agent means that it can deliver a highly potent cytotoxic agent to HER2-expressing tissues resulting in selective killing of cancer cells. In phase I and II trials, trastuzumab deruxtecan has shown impressive response rates in heavily pretreated populations, including patients who had received prior treatment with trastuzumab emtansine, another highly active antibody–drug conjugate. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal and hematological. Importantly, a high rate of interstitial lung disease was seen in early trials, but this appears manageable in most patients with corticosteroids. Currently also results of Phase III Clinical Trial Destiny Breast 03 have been published. In light of its efficacy, this promising new drug may change the treatment paradigm of HER2-positive breast cancer.

Keywords: antibody-drug conjugate, DS8201, HER2, trastuzumab deruxtecan, trastuzumab emtansine