Neurológia pre prax 4/2015

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by relapsing or progredient course. This is an autoimmune polyradiculoneuropahty with activation of cellular and humoral mechanisms and with primary lesion of myelin sheath in peripheral nerves. Demyelinating and remyelinating changes could be disclosed by nerve biopsy, or their equivalent proved with help of neurophysiological investigation. In clinical finding there is motor nerve disorder in distal and also proximal regions, in typical form in all four extremities, disturbances of sensitive and autonomic nerves are present. Besides the most frequent typical form there are more not so frequent forms. In CIDP therapy corticosteroids are used most frequently, then intravenously administered immunoglobulins and only in restricted indication plasmapheresis. CIDP is a treatable neuropathy, though in substantial proportion of patients leads to invalidity.

Keywords: polyradiculoneuritis, autoimmune inflammation, neurophysiological investigation, nerve biopsy, intravenous administration of immunoglobulins.