Urologie pro praxi 5-6/2007
ACTUAL MEDICATION OF THE BONE METASTASE
The genitourinary cancers account in some countries for almost one half of all malignancies in men. Prostate cancer is responsible for one third of newly diagnosed noncutaneous malignancies in men in some states of Europe and North America. Similar tendentions can be found in renal and bladder cancers. The genitourinary cancers commonly metastasize to bone. The most frequent manifestation of the advanced prostate cancer is bone metastase. Common clinical manifestations of bone metastases include pain, fracture, spinal cord compression, ineffective hematopoiesis and hyperkalcemia. Skeletal complications increase both morbidity and mortality. Also the treatment itself supports the demineralization of the skeleton and so the risk of skeletal complications is again increased. Medicamental and surgical castration also help to develop osteoporosis, that can be found in some patients already before the treatment. Aims of the treatment of the bone metastases include reduction of pain, saving of functional indpendence, improvement of quality of life, putting off and prevention of skeletal related events. The treatment of bone metastases is multidisciplinar. Analgetics, radiofarmacs, external beam radiation therapy, ortopedical and surgical treatment and bisphosphonates have thein indications in reduction of bone pain. Bisphosphonates reduce the risk of skeletal complications and extend the interval till their appearence – reduce fractures, need of radiotherapy and ortopedical surgery. There are also investigated possibilities of use of bisphosphonates in prevention of bone metastases at the patients with the early form of prostate cancer. Intravenous aplication of zoledronic acid is a new gold standard of prevention and treatment of skeletal complications in urooncology.
Keywords: prostate cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, bone metastazis, skeletal complications, analgesic therapy, external beam radiation therapy, systemic radioisotope therapy, bisphosphonates, zoledronic acid.
