Praktické lekárnictvo 1/2024

Varicella-recommended treatment in pharmacy

Varicella (chicken pox) is one of the most common acute infectious diseases of childhood. It is caused by primary infection with the herpes varicella zoster virus (VZV) of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. This group of DNA viruses is characterized by rapid reproduction, perineural spread, the ability of latency and subsequent reactivation. After experiencing varicella, the virus persists in the nerve ganglia and manifests itself as herpes zoster (shingles) upon reactivation. Typically, varicella occurs in the form of generalized polymorphic seeding on the skin – exanthema and mucous membranes - enanthema. In childhood the disease usually has a mild course. We can exceptionally see complications even in healthy children, but more often in immunocompromised patients, infants, adults and pregnant women. For a benign course in childhood, external therapy in the form of local antiseptic or indifferent preparations and over-the-counter analgesics – antipyretics is often sufficient. For more complicated manifestations, a prescription for general treatment is necessary, especially antiviral drugs and immunoglobulins. Nowadays, the disease can be prevented by active immunization with a vaccine.

Keywords: varicellazoster virus, varicella, herpes zoster, latence form, reactivation, exanthema, enanthema, symptomatic therapy, local therapy, antiviral drugs, vaccination