Pediatria pre prax 6/2008

TORTICOLLIS IN CHILDHOOD

Torticollis is unilateral asymmetrical affection of sternocleidomastoid muscle manifested by asymmetrical tension. Longterm fixation results in shortening or excessive contraction of this muscle. The head is typically tilted in lateral bending toward the affected muscle and rotated toward the opposite side. This paper describes torticollis in childhood. Etiology of torticollis caused it‘s division into five groups with short description. Clinical picture is described besides local findings by development of compensatory mechanisms. Treatment options are discussed with focus on most optimal treatment. Treatment modification in affected children including children with negative findings should be targeted on growth acceleration in five to seven years old patients and in adolescent patients. Prognosis is good. Only a small percentage requires surgical approach. Majority of patients undergo satisfactory conservative treatment involving physiotherapy, and rehabilitation.

Keywords: torticollis, rehabilitation, asymmetrical load.