Onkológia 1/2025
Therapeutic options for the treatment of locally advanced (non-metastatic) colon cancer
Locally Advanced Colon Cancer (LACC) is defined within the TNM classification as a T4 tumor that penetrates through the visceral peritoneum (T4a) or invades adjacent organs (T4b). Neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemotherapy is already an established standard in the treatment of other locally advanced gastrointestinal tumors (esophagus, stomach, rectum); however, its potential for LACC has only begun to be explored in recent years. Emerging studies suggest that neoadjuvant chemotherapy may provide significant benefits for patients with LACC. Promising results have also been observed with the use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in a specific subset of LACC patients exhibiting microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Furthermore, experience with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is expanding. Given the rapidly growing body of knowledge and the need for an individualized approach, the greatest benefit is achieved through multidisciplinary management of these patients.
Keywords: locally advanced colon cancer, LACC, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, neoadjuvant immunotherapy
