Onkológia 2/2021

Acute myeloblastic leukemia in Slovakia and the presence of the FLT3 mutation

Objective: Many different genetic / epigenetic aberrations play a role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and are responsible for a diverse response to treatment. Numerous genetic abnormalities thus indicate a high heterogeneity of the disease and its development over time. The latest accurate data on the proportion of FLT3 + in the population of patients with AML were published in 2018. Material and methods: In March 2020, a cross-sectional study, focused on some epidemiological aspects of AML, was carried out in 5 hematooncology centers, using qualitative and quantitative research. The results were statistically processed in Excel and analysed using GNU PSPP software version 1.2.0-g0fb4db. The results: Treatment failure in patients with AML FLT3 in the first line in 2017, 2018, 2019 occurred in 56%, respectively. 34% and resp. 32% of patients. The presence of the FLT3 mutation in the same patient changes over time and the expected proportion of FLT3 + in R / R AML versus baseline is 65%. The mean age of a patient with R / R AML suitable for FLT3 inhibitor treatment was 51.31 ± 10.17 years. The mean proportion of FLT3 + in patients with AML was 24.14%. Conclusion: AML is a disease with low incidence and high variability. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is performed in more than 50% of patients with AML FLT3 +, remains the primary therapeutic goal. To increase its availability, it is important constantly introduce targeted and specific treatment that delays relapse or induces remission R/R AML.

Keywords: acute myeloblastic leukemia, FLT3 +, R/R AML, HSCT