Neurológia pre prax 2/2024

Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases using cerebrospinal fluid and blood-based biomarkers

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers have become a standard part of diagnostic process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The recent development of ultrasensitive technologies has enabled the development of blood-based biomarkers to be used for identifying individuals in the preclinical and clinical stages of the disease, recruitment for clinical trials, disease prognosis, and, in the future, as an AD population screening tool. In addition to the standard biomarkers of AD, amyloid, and tau pathology, biomarkers of non-specific processes accompanying neurodegenerative diseases, such as the degree of neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction, or inflammation, are of interest. This article summarizes the knowledge on standard and experimental biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases and the preanalytical factors influencing their assessment.

Keywords: biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid, blood-based biomarkers, Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration