Dermatológia pre prax 3/2023

Rare skin tumours: Skin adnexal tumours – part 1

The incidence of skin tumours is steadily rising annually. The majority of skin cancers are non-melanocytic - basal cell and squamous cell cancers, but malignant melanoma is also increasing in incidence. However, in the tangle of tumors, the dermatologist must not neglect and properly manage the less common skin tumors, whose incidence ranges from 0.3% to 3.3%. However, these figures are approximate as many of them are not separately coded according to the ICD. In addition to rarely occurring tumours of epidermal and melanocytic origin, these include tumours of cutaneous adnexa and Merkel cell carcinoma, cutaneous tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid origin, cutaneous mesenchymal and neural tumours, and finally cutaneous tumours of uncertain differentiation. Due to the extent of the problem of these rare tumours, the issue of uncommon skin tumours is divided into four separate headings. In the first part, tumours of adnexal origin are reviewed. In the second section, Merkel cell carcinoma and rarely occurring tumors of epidermal amelanocytic origin.In the third section, cutaneous mesenchymal and neural tumors and cutaneous tumors of uncertain differentiation. Finally, in the fourth section, cutaneous tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid origin. The main clinical, dermatoscopic, differential-diagnostic and prognostic data of different types of tumours with their recommended management and associated hereditary tumour syndromes are presented in the following text. More detailed histopathological features of skin tumours, as presented in the latest WHO classification of 2018, developed on the basis of diagnostic-pathological criteria and genetic-molecular features, are not presented due to the size of the text.

Keywords: skin adnexal tumors, clinic, diagnosis, treatment, management